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Autism
Society of Colorado Autism
Society of America Autism
Speaks Autism
Link Autism Collaboration Autism Collaboration Autism
Awareness Centre, Inc. Anchor
Center for Blind Children Colorado
Center for the Blind Colorado
School for the Deaf and the Blind American Foundation
for the Blind National
Federation of the Blind National Braille
Press Angelman
Syndrome Foundation Mile High
Down Syndrome Association Association
for Children with Down Syndrome National
Down Syndrome Society United
Cerebral Palsy Special
Olympics of Colorado |
Parent
to Parent of Colorado KidsHealth Early
Childhood Connections Parent
to Parent of Colorado Peak
Parent Center Developmental
Disabilities Resource Center (Lakewood, CO) The
Arc of Colorado Alliance
of Colorado Denver
Options (Denver, CO) Developmental
Pathways (Englewood, CO) Envision
(Evans, CO) Imagine!
(Lafayette, CO) North
Metro Community Services (Westminster, CO) Easter
Seals Disability Services Focus
Families Foundation
Fighting Blindness The
Magic Foundation Birth
Defect Research for Children National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NORD
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Social
Security Administation Colorado
Department of Health Care Policy and Financing Colorado Department
of Human Services U.S.
Department of Health & Human Services Colorado
Developmental Disabilities Council U.S.
Department of Justice Civil Rights Division National
Center for Learning Disabilities
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Autism (aw-tih-zum) is a complex neurobiological disorder that typically lasts throughout a person's lifetime. It is part of a group of disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism impairs a person's ability to communicate and relate to others. It is also associated with rigid routines and repetitive behaviors, such as obsessively arranging objects or following very specific routines. Symptoms can range from very mild to quite severe. Septo Optic Dysplasia (SOD also known as DeMorsier Syndrome) is a disorder that results from incomplete development of the forebrain and pituitary gland. This condition is characterized by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerves that transmit impulses from the nerve-rich membranes lining the retina of the eye to the brain; abnormalities of midline structures of the brain such as the septum pellucidum and corpus callosum; and diminished activity of the pituitary gland, the hormone-producing gland at the base of the brain. Most people with septooptic dysplasia have abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) and some affected individuals have partial or complete blindness in one or both eyes. Some affected children have normal intelligence and others have learning disabilities and mental retardation. Deficiencies of certain hormones result in growth retardation and short stature. Angelman Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by developmental delay; absence or near absence of speech; unprovoked, prolonged episodes (paroxysms) of inappropriate laughter; characteristic facial abnormalities; and episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain (seizures). Abnormalities of the head and facial (craniofacial) area may include a small head (microcephaly); deeply set eyes; a large, wide mouth (macrostomia) and a protruding tongue; an underdeveloped upper jaw (maxillary hypoplasia) and protruding lower jaw (mandibular prognathism); and widely spaced teeth. During infancy, feeding difficulties and abnormal sleep patterns are typically present. In addition, by early childhood, individuals with Angelman Syndrome have severe developmental delays; impaired control of voluntary movements (ataxia), resulting in a stiff manner of walking (ataxic gait) with jerky arm movements; and characteristic positioning of the arms with flexion of the elbows and wrists. Although affected individuals may be unable to speak, many gradually learn to communicate through other means, such as sign language. In addition, some may have enough receptive language development to understand simple commands. Cerebral Palsy is a neurological movement disorder characterized by the lack of muscle control and impairment in the coordination of movements. This disorder is usually a result of injury to the brain during early development in the uterus, at birth, or in the first two years of life. Cerebral Palsy is not progressive. Kabuki Make-Up Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature, unusual facial features, abnormalities of the skeleton and unusual skin ridge patterns on the fingers, toes, palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Down Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which all or a portion of chromosome 21 appears three times (trisomy) rather than twice in cells of the body. In many affected individuals, abnormalities may include low muscle tone (hypotonia); a tendency to keep the mouth open with protrusion of the tongue; and distinctive malformations of the head and facial (craniofacial) area, such as a short, small head (microbrachycephaly), upwardly slanting eyelid folds (palpebral fissures), a depressed nasal bridge, a small nose, and a relatively flat facial profile. Individuals with Down Syndrome may also have unusually small, misshapen (dysplastic) ears; a narrow roof of the mouth (palate); vertical skin folds covering the inner corners of the eyes (epicanthal folds); dental abnormalities; and excessive skin on the back of the neck. Abnormalities of the extremities are also often present, such as unusually short arms and legs; short fingers; and unusual skin ridge patterns (dermatoglyphics) on the fingers, palms, and toes. Affected individuals may also have short stature, poor coordination, mild to severe mental retardation, and hearing impairment. Laurence-Moon Syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by diminished hormone production by the testes or ovaries (hypogonadism), progressive loss of vision (retinitis pigmentosa), mental retardation, and paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body accompanied by involuntary muscle contractions (spastic paraplegia). Confusion exists in the medical literature regarding the difference between Laurence-Moon Syndrome and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Some researchers believe that Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a subdivision of Laurence-Moon Syndrome which they term "Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome."
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